THE SWEET MANGO INFORMATION

                              MANGO

The mango tree is erect, 30 to 100 ft (roughly 10-30 m) high, with a broad, rounded canopy which may, with age, attain 100 to 125 ft (30-38 m) in width, or a more upright, oval, relati

vely slender crown. In deep soil, the taproot descends to a depth of 20 ft (6 in), the profuse, wide-spreading, feeder root system also sends down many anchor roots which penetrate for several feet. The tree is long-lived, some specimens being known tobe 300 years old and still fruiting.

The mango is a fleshy stone fruit belonging to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous tropical fruiting trees in the flowering plantfamily Anacardiaceae. The mango is native to India from where it spread all over the world. It is also th

e most cultivated fruit of the tropical world. While other Mangifera species (e.g. horse mango, M. foetida) are also grown on a more localized basis, Mangifera indica – the common

mangoor Indian mango – is the only mango tree commonly cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions, and its fruit is distributed essentially worldwide.

In several cultures, its fruit and leaves are ritually used as floral decorations at weddings, public celebrations and religious ceremonies

                                                 THE NAME 'MANGO'

The English word "mango" originated from Malayalam word "māṅṅa" (Malayalam: മാങ്ങ; from the Dravidian root word for the same), viaPortuguese (alsomanga). The word's first recorded attestation in a European language was a text by Ludovico di Varthema in Italian in 1510, as manga; the first recorded occurrences in languages such as French and post-classical Latin appear to be translations from this Italian text. The origin of the "-o" ending in English is unclear.

                              MANGO TREE

Mango trees (Mangifera indica L.) grow up to 35–40 m (115–130 ft) tall, with a crown radius of 10 m (33 ft). The mango tree is long-lived, as some specimens still fruit after 300 years.^{[citation needed]} In deep soil, thetaproot descends to a depth of 6 m (20 ft) with profuse, wide-spreading feeder roots; the tree also sends down many anchor roots, which penetrate several feet of soil. The leaves are evergreen, alternate, simple, 15–35 cm (5.9–14 in) long and 6–16 cm (2.4–6.3 in) broad; 

when the leaves are young they are orange-pink, rapidly changing to a dark glossy red, then dark green as they mature. The flowers are produced in terminal panicles 10–40 cm (3.9–16 in) long; each flower is small and white with five petals 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long, with a mild sweet odor suggestive of lily of the valley. The fruit takes three to six months to ripen.

                                                      Varieties

The original wild mangos were small fruits with scant, fibrous flesh, and it is believed that natural hybridization has taken place between M. indica and M. sylvatica Roxb. in Southeast Asia. Selection for higher quality has been carried on for 4,000 to 6,000 years and vegetative propagation for 400 years.

Over 500 named varieties (some say 1,000) have evolved and have been described in India. Perhaps some are duplicates by different names, but at least 350 are propagated in commercial nurseries. In 1949, K.C. Naik described 82 varieties grown in South India. L.B. and R.N. Singh presented and illustrated 150 in their monograph on the mangos of Uttar Pradesh (1956). In 1958, 24 were described as among the important commercial types in India as a whole, though in the various climatic zones other cultivars may be prominent locally. Of the 24, the majority are classed as early or mid-season:

Early:

'Bombay Yellow' ('Bombai')–high quality

'Malda' ('Bombay Green')

'01our' (polyembryonic)–a heavy bearer.

'Pairi' ('Paheri', 'Pirie', 'Peter', 'Nadusalai', 'grape', 'Raspuri', 'Goha bunder')

  

'Safdar Pasand'

'Suvarnarekha' ('Sundri')

Early to Mid-Season:

'Langra'

'Rajapuri'

   

Mid-Season:

'Alampur Baneshan'–high quality but shy bearer

'Alphonso' ('Badami', 'gundu', 'appas', 'khader')–high quality

'Bangalora'('Totapuri', 'collection', 'kili-mukku', abu Samada' in the Sudan)–of highest quality, best keeping, regular bearer, but most susceptible to seed weevil.

'Banganapally' ('Baneshan', 'chaptai', 'Safeda')–of high quality but shy bearer

'Dusehri' ('Dashehari aman', 'nirali aman', 'kamyab')–high quality

'Gulab Khas'

'Zardalu'

'K.O. 11'

    

Mid- to Late-Season:

'Rumani' (often bearing an off-season crop)

'Samarbehist' ('Chowsa', 'Chausa', 'Khajri')–high quality

'Vanraj'

'K.O. 7/5' ('Himayuddin' ´ 'Neelum')

Late:

'Fazli' ('Fazli malda')–high quality

'Safeda Lucknow'

Often Late:

'Mulgoa'–high quality but a shy bearer

'Neelum' (sometimes twice a year)–somewhat dwarf, of indifferent quality, and anthracnose-susceptible.

                                             INDIAN CULTIVATION

                                              Mango Pickle

Most of the leading Indian cultivars are seedling selections. Over 50,000 crosses were made over a period of 20 years in India and 750 hybrids were raised and screened. Of these, 'Mallika', a cross of 'Neelum' (female parent) with 'Dashehari' (male parent) was released for cultivation in 1972. The hybrid tends toward regular bearing, the fruits are showier and are thicker of flesh than either parent, the flavor is superior and keeping quality better. The season is nearly a month later than 'Dashehari'. Another new hybrid, 'Amrapali', of which 'Dashehari' was the female parent and 'Neelum' the male, is definitely dwarf, precocious, a regular and heavy bearer, and late in the season. The fruit is only medium in size; flesh is rich orange, fiberless, sweet and 2 to 3 times as high in carotene as either parent.

NUTRITION Value Per 100 g of Ripe Mango Flesh*

Fruit

Calories 62.1-63.7

Moisture 78.9-82.8 g

Protein 0.36-0.40 g

Fat 0.30-0.53 g

Carbohydrates 16.20-17.18 g

Fiber 0.85-1.06 g

Ash 0.34-0.52 g

Calcium 6.1-12.8 mg

Phosphorus 5.5-17.9 mg

Iron 0.20-0.63 mg

Vitamin A (carotene) 0.135-1.872 mg

Thiamine 0.020-0.073 mg

Riboflavin 0.025-0.068 mg

Niacin 0.025-0.707 mg

Ascorbic Acid 7.8-172.0 mg

Tryptophan 3-6 mg

Methionine 4 mg

Lysine 32-37 mg

Seed kernels: After soaking and drying to 10% moisture content, the kernels are fed to poultry and cattle. Without the removal of tannins, the feeding value is low. Cuban scientists declare that the mineral levels are so low mineral supplementation is needed if the kernel is used for poultry feed, for which purpose it is recommended mainly because it has little crude fiber.

                                                           USAGES

Seed fat: Having high stearic acid content, the fat is desirable for soap-making. The seed residue after fat extraction is usable for cattle feed and soil enrichment.

A mango stone decorticator has been designed and successfully operated by the Agricultural Engineering Department of Pantnagar University, India.

Wood: The wood is kiln-dried or seasoned in saltwater. It is gray or greenish-brown, coarse-textured, medium-strong, hard, durable in water but not in the ground; easy to work and finishes well. In India, after preservative treatment, it is used for rafters and joists, window frames, agricultural implements, boats, plywood, shoe heels and boxes, including crates for shipping tins of cashew kernels. It makes excellent charcoal.

Bark: The bark possesses 16% to 20% tannin and has been employed for tanning hides. It yields a yellow dye, or, with turmeric and lime, a bright rose-pink.

Gum: A somewhat resinous, red-brown gum from the trunk is used for mending crockery in tropical Africa. In India, it is sold as a substitute for gum arabic.

Medicinal Uses: Dried mango flowers, containing 15% tannin, serve as astringents in cases of diarrhea, chronic dysentery, catarrh of the bladder and chronic urethritis resulting from gonorrhea. The bark contains mangiferine and is astringent and employed against rheumatism and diphtheria in India. The resinous gum from the trunk is applied on cracks in the skin of the feet and on scabies, and is believed helpful in cases of syphilis.

MANGO VARIETIES 2012 season for Mango from the Indian subcontinent.

Important Indian Commercial Varieties:  There are hundreds of varieties in mango, out of which only a few happen to be of commercial importance. Different regions of the country have their own commercial varieties because, as has already been indicated in the beginning, a particular variety of mango is not expected to perform equally well under different sets of climatic factors prevailing in various parts of the country. The most well-known varieties throughout the country are 'Langra', 'Alphonso', 'Dashehari' and 'Banganpalli'.

Alphonso Mango: Consistently low temperature in April has slowed the ripening and maturity of the Alphonso mango in Ratnagiri and Devgad. However our current Alphonso shipments are on schedule. The Ratnagiri Alphonso season is expected to last longer than usual and might spill over to middle of June.

Kesar Mango: Frost in March affected some of the Kesar crop- it is expected to decrease the Kesar yield this year. The fruit seems to be on schedule though.

Banganpalli Mango: The Andhra region of India has been experiencing mild weather and this is good for the mango. Consequently, the Banganpalli mango is expected to start two weeks early. It is also expected to finish early because the flowering is in full bloom. We expect Banganpalli to be available by middle of May instead of end of May.

Rasalu Mango: We are trying to add a shipment of Rasalu mango to our shipments this year. We have sent a request to APEDA to confirm whether they will allow us to send a shipment of Rasalu this season. We are currently awaiting a response before planning. If it happens, the target is first or second week of May.

Langra Mango: Langra mango progress is normal so far. We will have further updates in June.

Dussehri Mango: Dussehri mango progress is normal so far. We will have further updates in June.

Chausa Mango: Chausa mango progress in normal so far. We will have further updates in June.

Pakistani Mango- Sindhri, Langra, Chausa Mango: We took a few orders for Pakistani mango with our season pass- these are the best prices that we offered. We will book further orders for the Pakistani mangoes starting last week of June. We are waiting to hear from USDA for permissions and permits for 2012.

The mango varieties under cultivation in different states are given in INDIAN states.

States	Varieties Grown
Andhra Pradesh	Allumpur Baneshan, Banganapalli, Bangalora, Cherukurasam.
Bihar	Bathua, Bombai, Himsagar, Kishen Bhog, Sukul.
Goa	Fernandin, Mankurad.
Gujarat	Alphonso, Kesar, Rajapuri, Vanraj.
Haryana	Dashehari, Langra, Sarauli (Bombay Green).
Karnataka	Alphonso, Bangalora, Mulgoa, Neelum, Pairi.
Kerala	Mundappa, Olour, Pairi.
Madhya Pradesh	Mostly seedling types and Alphonso, Bombai, Langra.
Maharashtra	Alphonso, Mankurad, Mulgoa, Pairi.
Orissa	Mostly seedling types and Baneshan, Langra, Neelum, Suvarnarekha.
Punjab	Dashehari, Langra, Sambar behest Chausa.
Tamil Nadu	Banganapalli, Bangalora, Neelum, Rumani, Mulgoa.
West Bengal	Bombai, Himsagar, Kishen Bhog, Langra.
Uttar Pradesh	Bombay Green, Dashehari, Fajri, Langra, Safeda, Lucknow, Samarbehisht Chausa.

The choice of a commercial grower in north India is mostly confined to 'Bombay Green' (early), 'Langra', 'Dashehari' and 'Samar Behest Chausa'; in the eastern part to 'Fazli', 'Kishenbhog', 'Himsagar: 'Langra', 'Gulabkhas' and 'Zardalu'; in the western part to 'Alphonso', 'Pairi', 'Malkurad' (Goa), 'Kesar', 'Rajapuri' and 'Jamadar' (Gujarat); and in the southern part to 'Beneshan' ('Banganpalli'), 'Neelum', 'Bangalora', 'Rumani', 'Suvarnarekha', 'Mulgoa', 'Raspuri' and 'Badami'. Although the most delicious mangoes of the south are 'Allampur Beneshan', 'Himayuddin' and 'Jehangir', these are not commercial types due to their shy bearing. Among these 'Neelum' and 'Bangalora' happen to be the most consistent bearers (regular) and 'Dashehari' by far the most delicious variety.

                                                            Mango Pulp

    

Mangoes are tropical fruits that are preferred in the fruit kingdom. These fruits are seasonal and are cultivated in the tropics to a very large extent. There are about six hundred varieties of mangoes but only very varieties are cultivated for their taste aroma and natural properties. The Indian mangoes that are popular are the Alphonso, Kesar and Totapuri varieties that are largely cultivated and exported. Mangoes are called the ‘king of fruits’ are largely consumed locally and as well by peoples of the world in very large volumes.

Krishnagiri district In the state of Tamil Nadu in South India there are about 385 mango fruit processing units. Eighty per cent of these units fall under the category of small scale industries that have an average production capacity of 5.5 tons per day of mango pulp. The remaining of these units comes under the medium scale industry category with an average production capacity of about eighty tons per day. Krishnagiri district has about one hundred and fifty nurseries that produce grafted mango saplings for the industry.

Krishnagiri district in the Tamil Nadu state is the prominent region which is involved in the mango cultivation and fruit processing activity. The area under mango cultivation in Krishnagiri area is about thirty thousand hectares with a total production of three lakh tons per annum. About six thousand tons of mango fruit, mostly Alphonso and Totapuri are allotted for mango pulp processing. Around ninety percent of the processed pulp is exported and the balance goes to meet the domestic market. India exported about 1, 90,100 metric tons mango pulp in the year 2010 – 2011.

Krishnagiri district has thirty mango pulp processing units which are all privately owned and operated and leads in the export of quality mango fruit and products in the state. Mango pulp suppliers here are expanding their facilities to meet the global demand.The mango pulp industry in Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu is the second largest exporter of pulp in the country, generate between rupees 400 to 500 crores of foreign exchange annually.

Krishnagiri district is also the second largest mango pulp producer in the country after Chittoor in Andhra Pradesh.

The National Horticultural Mission has already identified the potential in this region, and has identified Krishnagiri and Maharashtra for promoting mango cultivation.

Krishnagiri district accounts for the maximum mango production in the state, with nearly 36,000 earmarked denoted for the purpose.

The mango pulp is being exported to many countries, including UAE, European countries, Singapore and Malaysia.

"Here, we are producing around one lakh metric tons of mango pulp. Our district earns 400 to 500 crores every year from export of mango pulp," said Madhavan, Managing Director, Paiyur Fruit Products Ltd, Krishnagiri.

These pulp units employ a large number of people. Workload at the production units increases during summers, when the pulp is in high demand.

"People who work here are happy because of the continuous production work for three months. People from other districts also come here because of the available employment opportunities and are happy to earn money," said Mukila Devi, an employee.

Krishnagiri mango pulp has already created a niche for itself in the international market.

It is believed that the establishment of an Agricultural Export Zone (AEZ) would go a long way in marketing the products in the domestic and international market, thereby attracting foreign buyers to Krishnagiri.

Thirty per cent of the total mango pulp exported from the country is being extracted at the 45 mango pulp units in Krishnagiri region